Apelação Criminal 0000365-91.2006.4.05.8302

Penal e processual penal. Tribo indígena xucuru. Cerceamento de defesa. Não Configurado. Princípios do contraditório e da ampla defesa. Observância. Inépcia da Denúncia. Inocorrência. Inexistência de afronta ao princípio do juiz natural. Crime de Incêndio. Art. 250, parág. 1º. Crime de perigo concreto e extensivo à coletividade. Princípio da consunção. Materialidade e autoria suficientemente provadas. Causa Especial de aumento. Casa habitada ou destinada à habitação. Disparo de arma de fogo. Art. 10, parág. 1º, inciso iii, da lei 9.437/97. Autoria não demonstrada. Dosimetria da pena. Exasperação indevida da pena-base. Consideração de fatos e circunstâncias que Motivam a dosagem da pena mínima fixada abstratamente ao crime. Inexistência de Continuidade delitiva. Alteração do regime de cumprimento da pena. Substituição por Restritivas de direito. Apelação da defesa a que se dá parcial provimento. 1. Inexistência de ofensa aos princípios do contraditório e da ampla defesa na simples alegação de que os réus foram compelidos a desistir da ouvida das testemunhas arroladas. O Magistrado de Primeira Instância oportunizou, igualmente, tanto à acusação como à defesa, as oitivas das testemunhas, visando sempre uma logística que atendesse eficazmente às exigências de um processo de tamanha proporção. O que se depreende é que houve sim a oitiva de todas as testemunhas indicadas, ao final, pela defesa, e que a não oitiva das testemunhas inicialmente arroladas foi resultado de desistência efetuada pelo próprio causídico. 2. Dos despachos prolatados nos autos, constata-se claramente uma tentativa do Juízo de estabelecer uma organização para a oitiva das testemunhas arroladas pela defesa, em número de 152 pessoas, assim como fez com as do MPF. Em nenhum momento o Magistrado compeliu a defesa a desistir da ouvida de testemunhas que seriam de seu interesse, ao contrário, se posicionou pela oitiva de todas, exigindo unicamente que a defesa indicasse a ordem cronológica a ser seguida. No decorrer das oitivas, foi a própria defesa desistindo das testemunhas inicialmente arroladas. 3. Em se tratando de crime perpetrado por multidão, ou crimes de autoria coletiva, não se faz necessária a individualização da conduta de cada réu, bastando que a denúncia contenha a qualificação do acusado e a descrição do fato delituoso a este imputado, conferindo condições ao acusado de exercer o contraditório e a ampla defesa. 4. Não há que se falar em denúncia inepta, uma vez que a acusatória inaugural apresenta todos os elementos necessários (art. 41 do CPP). A inicial expõe o fato ocorrido, e inclusive no seu item 3 indica a conduta de cada acusado, fazendo menção ao elemento de prova indiciária que haveria se amparado para concluir por tal acusação. 5. É fato que a Lei 11.719/08, que alterou alguns pontos do CPP, deu nova redação ao artigo 399, parág. 2o., estabelecendo que o juiz que presidiu a instrução deverá proferira sentença. Tal artigo não pode ser interpretado de maneira absoluta, devendo ser mitigado quando o julgador que presidiu a instrução estiver impossibilitado de proferir a sentença. Precedentes: HC 201000325213, Ministro Felix Fischer, STJ - Quinta Turma, 06/09/2010 e HC 201000355972, Celso Limongi (Desembargador Convocado do TJ/SP), STJ - Sexta Turma, 11/10/2010. 6. O art. 563, do CPP, consagra o princípio do prejuízo, e sendo a nulidade relativa, o judiciário só deverá declará-la se a parte interessada comprovar o efetivo prejuízo advindo da mesma (pás de nullité sans grief). O prejuízo só será presumido quando houver ofensa aos postulados constitucionais, o que não houve no trâmite do feito. 7. Resta sobejamente comprovada a prática do delito de incêndio, previsto no art. 250, parág. 1º, inciso II, alínea a, do CPB, por todos os acusados constantes deste feito. São documentos, laudos, material fotográfico, depoimentos e oitivas de diversas testemunhas que indicam a presença dos denunciados tanto no primeiro momento delituoso, ocorrido na Fazenda Curral do Boi, logo após o atentado sofrido pelo Cacique Marcos Luidson, como em um segundo momento, quando a multidão de índios se direcionou à Vila de Cimbres, mais precisamente á residência do índio Biá, participando das destruições por meio de incêndios promovidas em móveis e imóveis. 8. No crime de incêndio, necessário que exista perigo concreto para número indeterminado de pessoas ou bens, ou seja, efetiva situação de perigo para a vida, a incolumidade física ou patrimônio de outrem, o que ocorreu na hipótese. O delito de dano qualificado, previsto no art. 163, parág. único, II (dano, com emprego de substância inflamável ou explosiva), restou absorvido pelo delito mais grave de incêndio (princípio da consunção). 9. Os ofendidos expuseram os fatos com uma riqueza de detalhes tal, que o que se tem é a total coincidência dos relatos, uns com os outros, em coerência com os demais elementos produzidos nos autos. Os depoimentos prestados por ofendidos diretamente podem ser considerados para efeito de fundamentar o decreto condenatório, desde que tais elementos se encaixem na conjuntura do feito, apresentando adequação e amoldando-se de forma a apontar para a verossimilhança da acusação, como ocorreu no caso. Precedente: TRF2, ACR 200351130006888, Desembargador Federal ABEL GOMES, Primeira Turma Especializada, 15/10/2008. 10. Em crimes perpetrados por multidão à palavra da vítima deve se imprimir relevância, mormente no que diz respeito à identificação dos infratores. Essa relevância aumenta quando a identificação mostra-se corroborada por outras vítimas, e não se avista um motivo especial para se apontar esse ou aquele indivíduo como um dos partícipes da ocorrência criminosa. 11. Não há como prosperar a argumentação da defesa no sentido de que o ônibus de placa KGI-2945, de propriedade do ofendido Biá, que foi destruído pelo incêndio, não seria veículo de transporte coletivo. A alínea c, do inciso I, parág. 1º, do art. 250, não fala em transporte coletivo público, mas apenas em transporte coletivo, sendo qualquer meio utilizado para conduzir várias pessoas de um lugar para outro, a exemplo de um ônibus. 12. Quanto às supostas lesões corporais, indicadas na apelação como tendo sido perpetradas em face dos manifestantes, o que se verifica é que não foram indicadas na denúncia, não sendo objeto deste procedimento criminal, não cabendo, assim, qualquer exame a respeito das mesmas. 13. Crimes de dano e invasão de domicílio absorvidos pelo crime de incêndio. Princípio da consunção. Provas insuficientes quanto à autoria do delito capitulado no art. 10, § 1º, inciso III, da Lei 9.437/97. 14. Réus primários, que não apresentam antecedentes criminais e em relação aos quais, no que pertine às suas condutas sociais e personalidades, não há registro desfavorável às suas pessoas. 15. A gravidade do delito de incêndio com exposição a perigo de vida, a integridade física ou ao patrimônio de outrem já se faz considerada no próprio tipo e justificada pela pena mínima elevada de 3 anos e maior gravidade ainda advinda de o incêndio ser praticado em casa habitada ou destinada à habitação ou em veículo de transporte coletivo, também já se mostra ponderada no aumento de pena previsto no parág. 1o., inciso II, do art. 250, do CPB. Pena-base no mínimo legal de 3 anos. 16. Reforma da sentença quanto ao acréscimo referente à continuidade delitiva (art. 71 do CPB), causa de aumento de pena, por inexistir pluralidade de condutas. 17. Para os acusados PAULO ROMERO MONTEIRO, JOSÉ ROMERO LOPES DE MELO, JOSÉ ROBENÍLSON LOPES FRAZÃO, JOÃO JORGE DE MELO e FRANCISCO DE ASSIS JORGE DE MELO, pela prática do delito incêndio, tem-se a pena definitiva de 4 anos de reclusão, mais 20 dias-multa, com causa especial de aumento. Pena a ser cumprida em regime aberto (art. 33, parág. 2º, alínea c e parág. 3º., do CPB). 18. Presentes os requisitos para a substituição da pena privativa de liberdade por 2 restritivas de direito, a serem definidas pelo juízo de execuções, nos termos do art. 44 do CP. Não ficou comprovada violência ou grave ameaça a pessoa, mas sim a bens materiais, além do que o réu não possui antecedentes negativos e exercem atividade laboral na comunidade indígena que integram. 19. Absolvição de JOSÉ ROMERO LOPES DE MELO, JOSÉ ROBENÍLSON LOPES FRAZÃO, PAULO ROMERO MONTEIRO, FRANCISCO DE ASSIS JORGE DE MELO e JOÃO JORGE DE MELO pelo delito de disparo de arma de fogo (art. 10, parág. 1º, inciso III, da Lei 9.437/97 - disparo de arma de fogo em lugar habitado). 20. Absolvição do acusado JOSÉ ROMERO LOPES DE MELO quanto à prática do crime do art. 146, § 1º, do CPB (constrangimento ilegal). 21. Apelação dos acusados a que se dá parcial provimento.

Rel. Des. Manoel De Oliveira Erhardt

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