Habeas Corpus Nº 86.990-4/sp

Falta grave. Regime prisional. Regressão. Admissibilidade. Reinício do cômputo do prazo de 1/6 da pena para obtenção de nova progressão de regime prisional que se impõe.

Rel. Min. Ricardo Lewandowski

RELATÓRIO - O SR. MINISTRO RICARDO LEWANDOWSKI (Relator): - Trata-se de habeas corpus impetrado por JUAREZ CARLOS ASSUMPÇÃO, ou JUAREZZ CARLOS ASSUMPÇÃO, contra acórdão da 5ª Turma do Egrégio Superior Tribunal de Justiça (HC 21.694/SP). O acórdão denegou a ordem ao entendimento de que o réu que comete falta grave perde o direito aos dias remidos e, em conseqüência, o direito à progressão de regime, conforme ementa a seguir transcrita: “EXECUÇÃO PENAL - REMISSÃO - PROGRESSÃO DE REGIME - COMETIMENTO DE FALTA GRAVE - PERDA DOS DIAS REMIDOS - TRANSFERÊNCIA DE PRESÍDIO - SUPRESSÃO DE INSTÂNCIA. – No tocante ao pedido de transferência do paciente para o Centro Penitenciário de Goiás, onde reside sua família, insta esclarecer que tal pedido não foi objeto de análise pelo e. Tribunal a quo, razão pela qual não pode ser examinado por esta Corte, porquanto implicaria supressão de instância. - Réu que comete falta grave (fuga do estabelecimento prisional), perde o direito aos dias remidos e, em conseqüência, a progressão de regime calcado nesse período. - Ademais, não basta para a concessão do benefício de progressão, o mero cumprimento de 1/6 da pena. O réu deve preencher também o requisito subjetivo, qual seja, o mérito do condenado. Destarte, a fuga do estabelecimento prisional é circunstância que desabona o comportamento carcerário do paciente. - Ordem parcialmente conhecida e, nessa parte, denegada.“ (Fl. 58) O paciente, condenado a 35 (trinta e cinco) anos e 07 (sete) meses de reclusão, em regime inicialmente fechado, pelos
crimes de estupro, roubo e homicídio qualificado, sustentando ter cumprido mais de 1/6 da pena em regime fechado, requereu a progressão do regime prisional fechado para o semi-aberto ao juízo da Vara de Execuções Penais, que deferiu o pedido. Irresignado, o Ministério Público Federal interpôs agravo em execução contra essa decisão, que foi provido. Sustenta o impetrante que está sofrendo coação ilegal, uma vez que preenche os requisitos previstos no art. 112 da Lei de Execuções Penais para a progressão de regime prisional. Alega, de início, que a revogação do regime semi-aberto deu-se em face de erro de capitulação dos delitos por parte do representante do Ministério Público do Estado de São Paulo. Postula, ao final, a concessão da ordem a fim de que seja concedida a progressão do regime prisional fechado para o semi-aberto. A inicial foi instruída com documentos (fls. 10-45). Prestadas as informações de estilo pela autoridade apontada como coatora (fls. 57-69), a douta Procuradoria Geral da República opinou pelo indeferimento da ordem (fls. 73-77). É o relatório.
 
VOTO - O SR. MINISTRO RICARDO LEWANDOWSKI (Relator):
- Insurge-se a impetração contra acórdão da 5ª Turma do Superior Tribunal de Justiça que conheceu parcialmente do HC 21.694/SP e, nessa parte, denegou-o, ao fundamento de que o “réu que comete falta grave (fuga do estabelecimento prisional), perde o direito aos dias remidos e, em conseqüência, a progressão de regime calcado nesse período“ (fl. 58). Entendeu, ainda, que “não basta para a concessão do benefício de progressão o mero cumprimento de 1/6 da pena“ (fl. 58), pois deve o condenado preencher o requisito subjetivo, qual seja, o mérito pessoal, que, no presente caso, não se verifica em razão da fuga do paciente do estabelecimento prisional. Sustenta o impetrante, de início, que a revogação do regime semi-aberto, antes deferido pelo Juízo da Vara de Execuções Criminais de Bauru/SP, deu-se em face de erro de capitulação dos delitos por parte do representante do Ministério Público do Estado de São Paulo. Busca no presente writ, ainda, seja-lhe reconhecido o direito à progressão do regime prisional fechado para o semi-aberto, porquanto preenchidos os requisitos do art. 112 da Lei de Execuções Penais. Este o breve resumo do caso, passo ao exame das alegações postas no presente habeas corpus. Quanto ao primeiro argumento, qual seja, de que erro de capitulação dos delitos por parte do Ministério Público tenha levado o Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo a determinar o retorno do ora paciente ao regime fechado, observo que o Superior Tribunal de Justiça não se pronunciou sobre o tema, o que impede esta Corte, sob pena de supressão de instância, a dele conhecer. Ademais, mesmo que superado esse óbice, tenho como inviáveis, na via estreita do habeas corpus, o revolvimento da análise das circunstâncias fáticas que ensejaram as condenações impostas ao paciente. Inviável, também, o segundo argumento, o de que o paciente preenche os requisitos do art. 112 da Lei 7.210/84, legitimando-o a pleitear o direito à progressão do regime prisional fechado para o semi-aberto. Diz o referido dispositivo legal: “Art. 112. A pena privativa de liberdade será executada em forma progressiva, com a transferência para regime menos rigoroso, a ser determinada pelo juiz, quando o preso tiver cumprido ao menos um sexto da pena no regime anterior e seu mérito indicar a progressão.“ Como se vê, são elencados dois requisitos para a progressão do regime prisional: um objetivo, o efetivo cumprimento de 1/6 da pena imposta, outro subjetivo, o mérito individual do condenado. No presente caso, restou consignado que o paciente, por três vezes, empreendeu fuga do estabelecimento prisional, “sendo que somente retornou ao presídio, nessas três vezes, por ter sido preso em flagrante delito“ (fl. 61). O fato de a fuga do apenado constituir falta grave enseja, ademais, a aplicação do disposto no art. 118, I, da Lei de Execuções Penais, o qual estabelece que a pena privativa de liberdade está “sujeita à forma regressiva, com a transferência para qualquer dos regimes mais rigorosos“. Nesse sentido, a 2ª Turma, no HC 85.049/SP, Rel. Min. Joaquim Barbosa, assim decidiu: “EMENTA: HABEAS CORPUS. PROGRESSÃO DE REGIME. FALTA GRAVE. REGRESSÃO DE REGIME. INTERRUPÇÃO DO LAPSO TEMPORAL PARA CONCESSÃO DO BENEFÍCIO DA PROGRESSÃO. LEGALIDADE. ORDEM DENEGADA. A fuga do paciente, quando cumprindo pena em regime semi-aberto, dá ensejo à regressão de regime (LEP, art. 118). A partir daí, começa a correr novamente o prazo de 1/6 para que o paciente possa obter nova progressão de regime.“ (DJU 05.8.2005) Observo, de resto, que a análise do requisito subjetivo para a progressão de regime não prescinde do exame detido da conduta carcerária do apenado, o que se mostra inviável em habeas corpus, visto que, não pode esta Corte analisar se o paciente preenche ou não os requisitos legais, o que deverá ser feito, de forma criteriosa, pelo Juízo da Vara de Execuções Criminais de Bauru/SP. Do exposto, conheço parcialmente da ordem, denegando-a na parte conhecida.

 
O SENHOR MINISTRO MARCO AURÉLIO -
Senhor Presidente, acompanho o relator, deixando aberta a oportunidade de a matéria ser suscitada no órgão próprio.

 
EMENTA -
PROCESSO PENAL. HABEAS CORPUS. COMETIMENTO DE FALTA GRAVE. REGRESSÃO DE REGIME PRISIONAL. I - Não havendo o Superior Tribunal de Justiça decidido quanto a determinado pedido, não pode esta Corte se pronunciar, sob pena de supressão de instância. II – O cometimento de falta grave pelo apenado impõe não só a regressão de regime de cumprimento da pena, como o reinício do cômputo do prazo de 1/6 da pena para obtenção de nova progressão de regime prisional. III – Ordem parcialmente conhecida e, nessa parte, denegada.

 

ACÓRDÃO - Vistos, relatados e discutidos estes autos, acordam os Ministros da Primeira Turma do Supremo Tribunal Federal, sob a Presidência do Senhor Ministro Sepúlveda Pertence, na conformidade da ata de julgamentos e das notas taquigráficas, por decisão unânime, conhecer, em parte, do pedido de habeas corpus mas, nesta parte, o indeferir. Brasília, 02 de maio de 2006.

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