Vista Interrompe Julgamento De Conflito De Competência Sobre Crime De Indígena

Pedido de vista do ministro Gilmar Mendes suspendeu, nesta terça-feira (29), na Segunda Turma do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), o julgamento do Recurso Extraordinário (RE) 541737, em que se discute se o julgamento de crime praticado por indígena em área reservada pelo Ministério da Justiça como futura expansão de reserva indígena é de competência da Justiça estadual ou federal.

O conflito teve origem com o crime de furto de madeira em área explorada por uma madeireira, praticado em concurso de pessoas por um índio. Denunciado o suposto autor do crime na Vara Única da Comarca de Itaiópolis (SC), o juiz declinou da competência para julgar o feito e o remeteu ao juízo da 1ª Vara Federal de Joinville. Porém, este suscitou conflito negativo de competência, por entender não se tratar de assunto de competência da Justiça Federal.

O caso foi para o Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ), onde a relatora, ministra Laurita Vaz, declarou a competência do juízo de Itaiópolis (estadual) para julgar o feito.

O Ministério Público Federal (MPF), então, interpôs recurso de agravo regimental, que foi negado. Diante disso, apresentou recurso extraordinário (RE) perante o STF. Alega que deve ser efetuada perícia antropológica para a verificação da condição do indígena. Segundo o MPF, a relação do índio com a terra não é meramente de exploração econômica, mas de interação decorrente do usufruto da área, pois a deambulação já o vincula à terra.

Voto

Quando o ministro Gilmar Mendes formulou o pedido de vista, o relator do processo, ministro Joaquim Barbosa, havia votado pela competência da Justiça Federal para julgar o feito e determinado seu encaminhamento ao juízo da 1ª Subseção da Justiça Federal em Joinville.

Segundo o ministro Joaquim Barbosa, o fato de, mesmo que posteriormente ao crime, uma portaria do Ministério da Justiça ter incluído a área em que ele foi praticado na expansão de reserva indígena já denota que se trata de uma área originalmente ocupada por índios, em disputa judicial.

Portanto, segundo o relator, cabe enquadrar o fato no disposto no artigo 109, inciso XI, da Constituição Federal (CF), segundo o qual a disputa sobre direitos indígenas é de competência da Justiça Federal, até mesmo porque as áreas indígenas são patrimônio da União.

Nesse mesmo sentido se pronunciou a Procuradoria-Geral da República (PGR), lembrando que terras indígenas são de domínio da União, sendo o usufruto de suas riquezas naturais exclusivo dos índios.

Ao pedir vista do processo, o ministro Gilmar Mendes manifestou dúvida sobre se área de possível expansão de reserva indígena possa ser realmente considerada área indígena. Por isso, disse que quer examinar melhor a matéria e verificar jurisprudência da Suprema Corte .

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