Ministro Marco Aurélio Nega Liminar A Comerciante Paulista Investigado Na Operação Grandes Lagos

O ministro Marco Aurélio negou pedido de liminar requerida pelo comerciante A.P.S.F., de São José do Rio Preto (SP), ao Supremo Tribunal Federal no Habeas Corpus (HC) 95086, tendo por objetivo a suspensão parcial de ação penal em curso contra ele na 1ª Vara Federal da Subseção Judiciária de Jales (SP), somente no que diz respeito à acusação de crime contra a ordem tributária (artigo 1º, inciso II, da Lei nº 8.137/90). No mesmo processo, ele é também acusado de formação de quadrilha (artigo 288 do Código Penal).


Esses crimes foram investigados pela Polícia Federal (PF) na chamada “Operação Grandes Lagos”, desencadeada para desbaratar uma grande organização criminosa envolvendo frigoríficos estabelecidos na região dos Grandes Lagos, no interior do estado de São Paulo, sobretudo nos municípios de Jales, Fernandópolis e São José do Rio Preto, acusados da prática, dentre outros, dos crimes de sonegação fiscal e estelionato.


No HC, o comerciante contesta decisão do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ), que lhe negou pedido idêntico, anteriormente já negado, também, pelo Tribunal Regional Federal da 3ª Região (TRF-3).  Esta é a segunda vez que ele recorre ao Supremo por meio de HC. Em dezembro passado, ele teve negado, pela Primeira Turma do STF, o HC 92382, depois de ver indeferido pedido de liminar pelo relator do processo, ministro Marco Aurélio.


O comerciante seria dono da filial da Norte-Riopretense na cidade de Sul Menucci (SP). Essa filial, segundo a PF, aparentemente nunca existiu formalmente. A.P.S.F. é acusado de integrar uma organização criminosa e de, associado a outro empresário, operar no mercado de carnes, sonegando todos os tributos possíveis com a estrutura da quadrilha. Além de provas materiais, teriam sido colhidas, também, provas contra ele em escutas telefônicas.


Créditos tributários


A defesa alega que “não há constituição definitiva do crédito tributário, consoante as mais recentes informações da Receita Federal”. Isso porque o processo administrativo fiscal ainda estava pendente à época da instauração da ação. O fato teria sido atestado, inclusive, por auditores da própria Receita Federal. Daí se infere, segundo os advogados, a “ausência de justa causa para instauração da ação penal” contra A.P.S.F. Portanto, o comerciante estaria  sendo vítima de constrangimento ilegal.


 “Se a figura típica do crime contra a ordem tributária é o não-recolhimento do tributo, há que se apurar, mediante o devido processo legal administrativo, o ‘quantum’ que o contribuinte verdadeiramente deve e não, desde logo, processá-lo criminalmente pelo que fora afirmado que ele deve”, afirma a defesa.


Quanto ao crime de formação de quadrilha (artigo 288, CP), a defesa alega que, por ser autônomo, não poderá obstaculizar o reconhecimento do constrangimento ilegal em relação ao crime contra a ordem tributária.


Negativa
 
Ao indeferir o pedido de liminar, o ministro Marco Aurélio assinalou, de início, “a impossibilidade de se cogitar de medida em duplicata”, ao lembrar que a 1ª Turma do STF já indeferira HC com pedido semelhante formulado pelo autor  e autuado sob  o número 92.382.


Ele contestou os argumentos da defesa a propósito da constituição de crédito tributário, valendo-se da decisão de mérito do STJ em HC anterior lá impetrado por A.P.S.F. “De fato, uma coisa é desconstituir o tipo penal quando há discussão administrativa acerca da própria existência do débito fiscal ou do quantum devido”, assinalou o STJ.


“Outra bem diferente é a configuração, em tese que seja, de crime contra ordem tributária em que é imputada ao agente a utilização de esquema fraudulento, como, por exemplo, a falsificação de documentos, a utilização de empresas ‘fantasmas’ ou de laranjas, em operações espúrias, tudo com o claro e primordial intuito de lesar o fisco”, observou ainda o STJ.


“Nesses casos, evidentemente, não haverá processo administrativo-tributário, pelo singelo motivo de que foram utilizadas fraudes para suprimir ou reduzir o recolhimento de tributos, ficando a autoridade administrativa completamente alheia à ação delituosa e sem saber sequer que houve valores sonegados”.


FK/RR

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