Término Da Instrução Criminal É Fundamento Para Liberdade Provisória, Diz 1ª Turm Do Stf


Por maioria dos votos, a Primeira Turma do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) manteve jurisprudência da Corte no sentido de que o término da instrução criminal justifica a liberdade provisória de acusado. Com a decisão, pelo deferimento do Habeas Corpus (HC) 89196, impetrado em favor de A.P, fica revogada a prisão preventiva decretada contra ele. A ação foi ajuizada contra decisão da 5ª Turma do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ) que reconheceu a legalidade do decreto de prisão preventiva.


Ele foi denunciado, em concurso de pessoas com outros seis có-réus por ter praticado supostamente os crimes de estupro (artigo 213) e atentado violento ao pudor (artigo 214), qualificados pela presunção de violência se a vítima não é maior de 14 anos (artigo 224), todos do Código Penal. Os crimes teriam sido cometidos contra três meninas menores de 14 anos de idade.


Segundo o relatório, lido pelo ministro Ricardo Lewandowski, a prisão preventiva, decretada no dia 22 de outubro de 2003, foi fundada na conveniência da instrução criminal e na garantia da ordem pública. Em março de 2004, a medida foi revogada pelo juízo competente, por excesso de prazo na formação da culpa.


Tese da defesa


No habeas, a defesa buscava a revogação da prisão preventiva sob o argumento de que o decreto se baseia apenas na gravidade do crime, sua repercussão e o clamor social, não estando devidamente fundamentada.


Assim, os advogados sustentavam carência de fundamentação do decreto de prisão preventiva, visto que, conforme entendimento do STF, “a garantia da ordem pública, fundada na gravidade do delito, em sua repercussão e no clamor social não ensejam a segregação cautelar do paciente“.


Alegavam, ainda, que, encerrada a instrução criminal, não mais se justifica a manutenção da prisão preventiva e que as condições pessoais do paciente eram favoráveis. Por fim, a defesa pedia a concessão da ordem para que fosse revogada a prisão preventiva, uma vez que não se encontram presentes os pressupostos para a medida.


Julgamento


A questão foi levantada pelo ministro Carlos Ayres Britto que trouxe o tema a julgamento após ter pedido vista no início do mês de setembro. Ele votou de modo contrário ao relator, ministro Ricardo Lewandowski, que naquela oportunidade deferiu o pedido e, agora, foi acompanhado pela maioria dos ministros da Turma.


De acordo com Lewandowski, as informações prestadas pela juíza da Comarca de Condeúba (BA) demonstram que “o paciente e os demais acusados permaneceram na Comarca após a concessão da liberdade provisória sem praticar qualquer ato comprometedor à ordem pública e à instrução do processo“.


Na análise do caso, o relator verificou que a manutenção da liberdade provisória do acusado não demonstra perigo para a ordem pública, além de não existir nos autos qualquer referência à sua eventual periculosidade. “Inviável, pois, a manutenção do decreto de prisão preventiva por esse fundamento“, entendeu o ministro, ao citar precedentes da Corte.


“Nem mesmo a sua fuga, após a decretação da preventiva, tem o condão de alterar esse entendimento“, disse Ricardo Lewandowski. Para ele, “a alegação do término da instrução criminal torna desnecessária a prisão preventiva, em face da pacífica jurisprudência da Corte neste sentido“.


Divergência


“Entendo que o decreto prisional está suficientemente fundamentado para manter a custódia do paciente“, ressaltou o ministro Carlos Ayres Britto, que votou pelo indeferimento do pedido. O ministro disse que, segundo o decreto, a liberdade do acusado representa alta probabilidade de virem a perturbar a tranqüilidade das vítimas, “como já tem feito ao ameaçá-las“.


Ainda, com base no decreto, o ministro salientou que “além disso, as declarações das vítimas causam abalo social, revelam insensibilidade moral por parte dos representados, de tal forma que reclama uma eficaz reação da autoridade judicial“. Ayres Britto ficou vencido.

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