Habeas Corpus Nº 60.949/pe

Furto de pulsos telefônicos. Aplicação do princípio da insignificância. Possibilidade. Ordem concedida.

Rel. Min. Laurita Vaz


RELATÓRIO - EXMA. SRA. MINISTRA LAURITA VAZ:
Trata-se de habeas corpus impetrado por LEONARDO DI PAULA GOMES CRUZ, em favor de VANDA LÚCIA CAETANO DA SILVA, contra acórdão do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de Pernambuco, que denegou a ordem ali impetrada. A Paciente foi denunciada pela prática do delito previsto no art. 155, § 3.º e § 4.º, inciso I, do Código Penal, pois teria sido flagrada efetuando ligações clandestinas em telefone público, através de uma conexão entre o citado aparelho e um outro utilizado por empresas de telecomunicações. A defesa da Paciente impetrou a ordem originária, sustentando ser hipótese de aplicação do princípio da insignificância, dado o pequeno valor do objeto do crime, bem como o elevado patrimônio da empresa vítima. O Tribunal a quo denegou a ordem, por entender que não só o valor do bem furtado determina a aplicação do princípio da insignificância, mas também outros elementos como a condição econômica da vítima, o valor sentimental do bem, as circunstâncias e o resultado do crime, bem como o fato de a paciente já responder a outro processo por furto. A Autoridade indigitada coatora prestou informações às fls. 24/26, ocasião em que juntou os documentos pertinentes à instrução do feito. O Ministério Público Federal exarou parecer às fls. 67/71, opinando pela denegação da ordem. É o relatório.

 
VOTO - EXMA. SRA. MINISTRA LAURITA VAZ (RELATORA):
A ordem merece ser concedida. A impetração pretende o trancamento da ação penal instaurada contra a Paciente pela suposta prática do crime de furto de pulsos telefônicos, mediante a aplicação do princípio da insignificância. É cediço que a aplicação desse princípio requisita a mínima ofensividade da conduta do agente, a nenhuma periculosidade social da ação, o reduzido grau de reprovabilidade do comportamento e a inexpressividade da lesão jurídica provocada, circunstâncias estas evidentemente presentes no caso dos autos. O Tribunal a quo denegou a ordem originária, por entender que não só o valor do bem furtado determina a aplicação do princípio da insignificância, mas também outros elementos como a condição econômica da vítima, o valor sentimental do bem, as circunstâncias e o resultado do crime, bem como o fato de a Paciente já responder a outro processo por furto. A tese sustentada no acórdão atacado não está equivocada, inclusive encontrando respaldo na jurisprudência desta Corte (HC 36.497/SP, 5.ª Turma, de minha relatoria, DJ de 14/11/2005). A meu ver, contudo, o caso dos autos reclama análise sob outro prisma. Com efeito, os elementos considerados pela Corte de origem não são suficientes para levar adiante a persecução criminal especificamente neste caso concreto, senão vejamos: a condição econômica da vítima é notoriamente boa. Por outro lado, não há que se falar em valor sentimental de alguns pulsos telefônicos para a empresa Telemar. As circunstâncias do crime, em princípio, são as comuns a qualquer furto, sendo digno de nota a justificativa da acusada perante os policiais que a flagraram – estaria ela contactando o marido de quem se encontrava afastada. O resultado do crime não é penalmente relevante, vez que a diminuição patrimonial da vítima foi ínfima, ainda mais se levado em consideração que a Paciente foi encontrada fazendo uma única ligação, não trazendo a denúncia, outrossim, qualquer menção ao fato ser ela contumaz na prática dessa mesma conduta. O principal fundamento, causador de alguma controvérsia, seria o fato de a Paciente responder a outro processo por furto. Contudo, esta Corte já entendeu que “o fato de haver processos em curso visando a apuração da mesma prática delituosa, não interfere no reconhecimento de hipóteses de matéria penalmente irrelevante, pois, esta, também, está estritamente relacionada com o bem jurídico tutelado e com o tipo de injusto, tudo isto, sem contar certos aspectos que denotam por parte do Estado o desinteresse jurídico-penal. A ingerência de dados pessoais, levando à denominada relevância ou irrelevância (conforme o caso) penal, é aplicação - inaceitável - do criticado Direito Penal de Autor (e não de Ato) em que a decisão não está voltada ao fato (aí, mero referencial) mas, isto sim, à pessoa (pelo que ela é). Vale dizer: o que seria insignificante passa a ser penalmente relevante diante dos maus antecedentes; e, o que seria penalmente relevante pode deixar de ser pelos louváveis antecedentes (ou condição social). Isto, data venia, é incompatível com o Estado de Direito Democrático“ (excerto do voto-vencedor no HC 34.827 - RS, Relator p/ o acórdão Min. FELIX FISCHER, DJ de 17/12/2004). Sendo assim, neste caso, não havendo indícios de reiteração ou habitualidade no cometimento da conduta criminosa, o respeito aos princípios do estado democrático de direito e, notadamente, ao da presunção da inocência é suficiente para obstaculizar o prosseguimento da persecução criminal instaurada contra a paciente. Diante do exposto, concedo a ordem para trancar a ação penal instaurada em desfavor da Paciente. É o voto.

 
EMENTA -
HABEAS CORPUS . DIREITO PENAL. FURTO DE PULSOS TELEFÔNICOS. APLICAÇÃO DO PRINCÍPIO DA INSIGNIFICÂNCIA. POSSIBILIDADE. ORDEM CONCEDIDA. 1. O pequeno valor da res furtiva não se traduz, automaticamente, na aplicação do princípio da insignificância. Há que se conjugar a importância do objeto material para a vítima, levando-se em consideração a sua condição econômica, o valor sentimental do bem, como também as circunstâncias e o resultado do crime, tudo de modo a determinar, subjetivamente, se houve relevante lesão. Precedente desta Corte. 2. Consoante se constata dos termos da peça acusatória, a paciente foi flagrada fazendo uma única ligação clandestina em telefone público. Assim, o valor da res furtiva pode ser considerado ínfimo, a ponto de justificar a aplicação do Princípio da Insignificância ou da Bagatela, ante a falta de justa causa para a ação penal. 3. Não há notícia de reiteração ou habitualidade no cometimento da mesma conduta criminosa, sendo que a existência de outro processo em andamento não serve como fundamento para a inaplicabilidade do princípio da insignificância, em respeito aos princípios do estado democrático de direito, notadamente ao da presunção da inocência. 4. Ordem concedida, para trancar a ação penal instaurada contra a paciente.

 
ACÓRDÃO -
Vistos, relatados e discutidos estes autos, acordam os Ministros da QUINTA TURMA do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, na conformidade dos votos e das notas taquigráficas a seguir, por unanimidade, conceder a ordem, nos termos do voto da Sra. Ministra Relatora. Os Srs. Ministros Arnaldo Esteves Lima, Napoleão Nunes Maia Filho, Jane Silva (Desembargadora convocada do TJ/MG) e Felix Fischer votaram com a Sra. Ministra Relatora. Brasília (DF), 20 de novembro de 2007 (Data do Julgamento)

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