Apelação Criminal Nº 0000938-63.2011.4.03.6119/sp

Penal. Processo penal. Tráfico de drogas. Direito de apelar em liberdade. Impossibilidade. Autoria e materialidade comprovadas. Estado de necessidade. Inadmissibilidade. Dosimetria. Pena-base fixada acima do mínimo legal. Art. 42 da lei n. 11.343/06. Confissão. Ocorrência. Causa de diminuição do § 4° do art. 33 da lei n. 11.343/06. Incidência e causa de aumento do art. 40, i, da lei n. 11.343/06. Mínimo legal. Pena pecuniária mantida. Substituição da pena privativa de liberdade por restritiva de direito. Regime inicial fechado. Admissibilidade. 1. O direito de apelar em liberdade para os delitos da Lei n. 11.343/06 é excepcional, desafiando fundamentação própria, não havendo ilegalidade em manter a prisão do réu que nessa condição respondeu a ação penal (STF, HC n. 92612, Rel. Min. Ricardo Lewandowski, j. 11.03.08; HC n. 101817, Rel. Min. Dias Toffoli, j. 24.08.10; HC n. 98428, Rel. Min. Eros Grau, j. 18.08.09). 2. Autoria e materialidade comprovadas. 3. Para que se reconheça o estado de necessidade exculpante ou justificante, é obrigatória a comprovação do preenchimento dos requisitos do art. 24 do Código Penal para o reconhecimento dessa excludente de ilicitude ou de culpabilidade, sendo ônus da defesa fazê-lo, nos termos do art. 156 do Código de Processo Penal (ACr n. 2007.61.19.007015-4, Rel. Des. Fed. Luiz Stefanini, j. 11.01.10; ACr n. 2007.61.19.009691-0, Rel. Des. Fed. Ramza Tartuce, j. 05.04.10 e ACr n. 2008.60.05.002173-2, Rel. Des. Fed. Henrique Herkenhoff, j. 27.04.10). 4. Pelo que se infere dos precedentes do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, a atenuante da confissão (CP, art. 65, III, d) incide sempre que fundamentar a condenação do acusado, pouco relevando se extrajudicial ou parcial, mitigando-se ademais a sua espontaneidade (STJ, HC n. 154544, Rel. Min. Arnaldo Esteves Lima, j. 23.03.10; HC n. 151745, Rel. Min. Felix Fischer, j. 16.03.10; HC n. 126108, Rel. Min. Maria Thereza de Assis Moura, j. 30.06.10; HC n. 146825, Rel. Min. Jorge Mussi, j. 17.06.10; HC n. 154617, Rel. Min. Laurita Vaz, j. 29.04.10; HC n. 164758, Rel. Min. Og Fernandes, j. 19.08.10). 5. Não preenchidos os requisitos legais, inaplicável o § 4º do art. 33 da Lei n. 11.343/06. 6. O aumento da pena pela internacionalidade do crime não deve ultrapassar o mínimo legal, pois restou configurada de forma ordinária, não se evidenciando no caso dos autos circunstâncias do delito que reclamassem o recrudescimento da causa de aumento em questão. 7. O recrudescimento da pena pecuniária se mostra totalmente adequado e proporcional, não se podendo falar em sua inconstitucionalidade. 8. O Supremo Tribunal Federal declarou a inconstitucionalidade da vedação à conversão das penas privativas de liberdade em restritivas de direitos contida no § 4º do art. 33 e no art. 44 da Lei n. 11.343/06 (STF, Pleno, HC n. 97256, Rel. Min. Ayres Britto, j.01.09.10), de modo que, nos delitos de tráfico transnacional de entorpecentes cumpre resolver sobre a substituição à luz do disposto no art. 44 do Código Penal. 9. É possível fixar o regime inicial fechado no delito de tráfico internacional de entorpecentes, ainda que a pena seja inferior a quatro anos, desde que haja circunstâncias judiciais desfavoráveis ou fatos concretos a justificar a decisão (STF, HC n. 103159, Rel. Min. Ricardo Lewandowski, j. 17.08.10). 10. Apelação parcialmente provida para reconhecer a atenuante da confissão, tornando a pena definitiva de Rita Helena Dialundama em 5 (cinco) anos e 10 (dez) meses de reclusão e 583 (quinhentos e oitenta e três) dias-multa, no valor unitário de 1/30 (um trinta avos) do salário mínimo vigente à época dos fatos. No mais, fica mantida a sentença.

Rel. Des. André Nekatschalow

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